Henna (Lawsonia inermis) is a tropical perennial shrub or small tree native to Africa, Asia and Australia with small leaves and flowers (that vary from red to cream), followed by fruits that are small brownish capsules.
The main use for the Henna plant is for production of the Henna dye that is used in dying and ornamenting skin, hair, fingernails, as well as fabrics such as silk, wool and leather.
Henna is also applied to the hair, not only for the color, but also for promoting healthy hair, improving hair shine and strength, and reducing dandruff.
Its use has dated back thousands of years, especially in India, and it is known as one of the oldest cosmetics in the world.
Amazingly, its traditional use of application to the hands, feet and hair was not only for personal adornment, but also for health benefits, such as protecting against fungal pathogens and cooling the body.
Beyond its use as a dye, it is also enjoyed as an ornamental plant, especially for its interest and sweet rose-like scent of its flowers. It is also useful as a hedge plant and windbreak due to its dense growth.
The twigs and fibers are also used in basketry and toothbrushes and the wood for making small implements.
Henna also has a history of use in traditional medicine, with many historical uses.
In Ayurvedic medicine it is used as a nervine and alterative and it is also used as an astringent and used in cases of digestive disorders, dysentery, diarrhea, and sore throats, as well as diabetic foot disorders and ulcers.
An essential oil is also extracted for use in perfumery, with a lilac-like scent. An oil can also be extracted from the seeds, which is used locally for anointing the body.
A recent clinical study found the oil to be useful in reducing pain in chronic sciatica. A few other studies have found benefits of henna application on such applications as contact dermatitis, radiodermatitis, and hand-foot syndrome prevention.
Through scientific investigation, a wide range of pharmacological activities have been found, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antifungal, immunomodulatory, hypotensive and astringent activities.
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